Hutchinson Center to Help Lead and Coordinate Major Initiative to Study Link Between Obesity and Cancer

SEATTLE — Oct. 11, 2005 — Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center — home of the world's largest and most well-established research program dedicated to understanding the causes of cancer and how to prevent it — has received more than $18 million from the National Cancer Institute to help lead and coordinate a nationwide research effort to better understand the link between obesity and cancer.

The ultimate goal of the five-year, $54 million initiative, which will involve a diverse team of researchers from across the United States, is to avoid an increase in obesity-related cancer deaths in the 21st century similar to the death toll exacted by tobacco in the 20th century.

The Hutchinson Center is one of four research centers to receive funding for the Transdisciplinary Research on Energetics and Cancer, or TREC, initiative, and also serves as the coordinating hub for the effort.

The principal investigator of the Seattle-based TREC center is Hutchinson Center epidemiologist and internist Anne McTiernan, M.D., Ph.D., whose research focuses on identifying ways to prevent new or recurrent breast cancer and colorectal cancer with a particular focus on physical activity and exercise.

"We know there's an association between obesity, sedentary behavior and increased risk of certain cancers, such as colon and breast — that's been shown for some time. In fact, the American Cancer Society estimates that about 30 percent of cancer deaths are due to poor nutrition, excess weight and lack of exercise. Now we're trying to understand the link between cancer and obesity at a more fundamental, mechanistic level," said McTiernan, director of the Hutchinson Center's Prevention Center. The Prevention Center is a unique clinical-research facility where study participants work out in a state-of-the-art exercise laboratory or eat meals prepared in a nutritional-research kitchen. It is the only center of its kind in the United States that focuses exclusively on cancer-prevention research, McTiernan said.

The Hutchinson Center's success in conducting studies that aim to understand the interplay of nutrition, physical activity and diet on cancer prevention is one of the key factors that led to its selection as a TREC center, said McTiernan, a member of the Center's Public Health Sciences Division.

"A lot of our researchers are already interested in the association between obesity and cancer. We have a track record in this area. Another strength that positioned the Hutchinson Center to receive this highly competitive grant is that we have a history of close collaboration between our public-health scientists, who focus on understanding the roles of lifestyle and environment in cancer development, and our basic scientists, who conduct fundamental research to discover the biological mechanisms that underlie the causes of cancer and other diseases."

The principal investigator of the initiative's coordinating center is biostatistician Mark Thornquist, Ph.D., a senior staff scientist in the Hutchinson Center's Public Health Sciences Division. Under his direction the coordinating center will support communication, information dissemination, data sharing and collaboration among the TREC centers and with the NCI.

"The idea behind TREC was to create a consortium of researchers collaborating on studies to make scientific progress faster than four separate centers going their own way. The coordinating center will help with that," Thornquist said.

The other TREC centers are based at Case Western Reserve University, the University of Minnesota and University of Southern California.

The research network will encompass projects ranging from the biology and genetics of energy balance and energetics (the flow and transformation of energy through living systems) to the behavioral, sociocultural and environmental influences on nutrition, physical activity and weight.

The research to be conducted through the Hutchinson-based TREC center will be structured around five projects:

Project 1 will test the effects of excessive amounts of glucose, or sugar, on cell growth and programmed cell death, or apoptosis. The rationale behind this project is that people with diabetes, who have high circulating levels of blood sugar and insulin, are also at increased risk for cancer. This laboratory study will test the effects of glucose on two kinds of cells: endothelial tissue (which lines the blood vessels) and epithelial tissue (which lines the glands and organs). Endothelial tissue is relevant to cancer because overgrowth of blood vessels is what feeds tumors. Epithelial tissue is relevant to cancer because most common cancers arise in the epithelial cells. David Hockenbery, M.D., a member of the Hutchinson Center's Clinical Research Division, will lead this project in collaboration with endocrinologists and diabetes experts from the University of Washington School of Medicine.

Project 2 will test the effect of various interventions — from moderate calorie restriction to physical activity to a combination of the two — on biomarkers of cancer development in rodents. Such biological signposts could include high glucose levels, markers of inflammation or oxidative damage, or changes in the expression of certain proteins or genes. Henry J. Thompson, Ph.D., director of the Cancer Prevention Laboratory at Colorado State University, will lead this project in collaboration with other CSU investigators.

Project 3 will be a controlled-feeding study in people — both normal weight and obese — to test the effects of a high-glycemic diet versus a low-glycemic diet on blood markers related to both obesity and cancer risk. Study participants will receive all of their meals at the Hutchinson Center's Human Nutrition Laboratory. High-glycemic diets, characterized by the consumption of large amounts of sugar and refined carbohydrates such as white flour and sweetened beverages, cause sugars to be absorbed rapidly, which in turn spikes insulin levels and promotes the storage of fat. Low-glycemic diets are characterized by the intake of foods that are absorbed more slowly and thus keep blood-glucose and insulin levels steady. Examples of low-glycemic foods include green, leafy vegetables, fish and other lean protein sources, and unrefined carbohydrates such as whole grains. Hutchinson Center Public Health Sciences investigators Marian Neuhouser, Ph.D., R.D., and Johanna Lampe, Ph.D., R.D., will co-lead this project in collaboration with colleagues at the Hutchinson Center, UW and McGill University.

Project 4 will enhance an existing Hutchinson Center study (please see sidebar about local women needed to participate) that is looking at the effect of a yearlong exercise program, a yearlong reduced-calorie diet or a combination of the two on biomarkers of cancer development in humans. The study, which already is tracking hormone levels associated with increased risk, will now also track markers of inflammation as well as DNA damage and DNA-repair capacity. DNA repair is an essential mechanism for protecting cells from becoming cancerous. The Seattle TREC center's principal investigator, McTiernan, will co-lead this project along with Cornelia (Neli) Ulrich, Ph.D., an associate member of the Hutchinson Center's Public Health Sciences Division. Collaborating researchers will include those from the Hutchinson Center and UW.

Project 5 will adapt and test the effectiveness of an obesity-prevention project designed especially for the worksite. The two-year intervention will provide employees with the skills needed to make behavioral changes to increase physical activity and reduce food intake. In partnership with about 30 small businesses in the Seattle area, the community randomized trial will aim to raise awareness, enhance motivation and support newly adopted skills among employees to help create a working environment that is conducive to promoting better food choices and increasing physical activity. Shirley A. Beresford, Ph.D., a member of the Hutchinson Center's Public Health Sciences Division, will lead this project in collaboration with researchers from UW and the Hutchinson Center.

Editor's Note
For more information about the TREC initiative, please visit www.cancercontrol.cancer.gov/TREC/.

Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Seeks Seattle-Area Women for Exercise and Nutrition Study

WHAT:   Nutrition and Exercise for Women (NEW) Study — A study that examines the effects of exercise and nutrition on breast-cancer risk factors. Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center aims to recruit more than 500 Seattle-area participants (including 100 African-American and 100 Asian) for this National Cancer Institute-funded study, conducted by researchers in the center's Public Health Sciences Division.

WHO:   The study seeks healthy overweight and sedentary postmenopausal women (ages 50 to 75) who live in the Seattle area and are willing to travel to Fred Hutchinson for a yearlong exercise or nutrition intervention. Eligibility requirements include being a nonsmoker, not using hormone therapy for the past six months, getting less than an hour of moderate activity per week, and having a body mass index of 25 or greater. Those who qualify must be willing to not participate in any other exercise or weight-loss programs during the 12-month study enrollment and must be willing to be randomly (like the toss of a coin) assigned to one of four following groups:

• Moderate-intensity aerobic exercise for 45 minutes a day, five days per week for a year.
• A reduced-calorie diet for a year.
• Aerobic exercise and a reduced-calorie diet for a year.
• No intervention (to serve as a control, or comparison, group). At the end of the yearlong study, these women will receive a free, two-month pass to the center's state-of-the-art exercise facility and get to work out under the supervision of a personal trainer. They'll also get a chance to attend four group weight-loss meetings and will receive a variety of educational handouts about diet and exercise.
  
  

WHERE:   Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Prevention Studies Clinic, 1100 Fairview Ave. N., Seattle. Designated parking for study participants is free of charge.

CONTACT:   Women interested in more information may call the NEW Study information line at (206) 667-6444 or e-mail new@fhcrc.org.

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Media Contacts
Kristen Woodward
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
(206) 667-5095
kwoodwar@fhcrc.org

Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
At Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, our interdisciplinary teams of world-renowned scientists and humanitarians work together to prevent, diagnose and treat cancer, HIV/AIDS and other diseases. Our researchers, including three Nobel laureates, bring a relentless pursuit and passion for health, knowledge and hope to their work and to the world. For more information, please visit www.fhcrc.org.