Pacific Northwest Prostate Cancer SPORE

Finding a Cure for Prostate Cancer

The Pacific Northwest Prostate Cancer Specialized Program of Research Excellence (SPORE), one of eight Prostate Cancer SPOREs in the nation, represents a coordinated effort between Fred Hutch, University of Washington and its affiliated institutions, the University of British Columbia and the Prostate Centre of Vancouver General Hospital, and Oregon Health and Sciences University, working together toward a common goal of reducing morbidity and mortality associated with prostate cancer. 

This work begins with gaining a better understanding of this disease via established programs with strengths in translational prostate cancer research including basic, clinical, and population sciences, as well as career development. 

Our Projects

Project 1: Molecular Predictors of Prostate Cancer Progression and Mortality

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Project Leaders

Janet L. Stanford, Ph.D.
Colin Pritchard, M.D., Ph.D.

Co-Investigators

Heather Cheng, M.D., Ph.D.
Daniel Lin, M.D.

Prostate cancer (PC) is a major cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening is controversial, and current consideration of high-risk men is inadequate. Additionally, clinicopathological criteria are insufficient to differentiate indolent versus aggressive disease. The recent discovery of a high prevalence of high-to-moderate penetrance germline cancer risk mutations in metastatic PC (mPC) will lead to increased genetic testing and cascade testing of unaffected male relatives, thus identifying men at high risk for developing aggressive PC. Preliminary evidence suggests the need for refined cancer screening in this high-risk group. The overall intent of this project is to find men with germline mutations of interest, both those with mPC as well as their male first-degree relatives who are at high risk for aggressive PC. We seek to further characterize PC in the context of germline DNA repair gene (gDRG) defects using evaluation of clinical, pathologic and molecular features, including targeted next generation sequencing methods; to recruit at-risk male first-degree relatives through cascade genetic testing; and to offer a novel PC early detection clinical trial incorporating novel biomarkers, including age-adjusted PSA thresholds, imaging, novel urine biomarkers and the tumor prognostic biomarkers we discovered and validated in the past grant period, and to further understand the crucial process of cascade genetic testing that will be required for optimal outcomes. The proposed aims are:

Graph of pathogenic gDRG mutations in men with mPC
Figure 1. Pathogenic gDRG mutations in men with mPC (from Pritchard, et al 2016)
  • Specific Aim 1: Determine clinical, pathologic and molecular predictors of gDRG mutation carriers among men with mPC.
  • Specific Aim 2: Conduct an early detection study for male gDRG mutation carriers at high risk for mPC.
  • Specific Aim 3: Characterize the stepwise cascade genetic testing process from index cases to their at-risk first-degree relatives (FDRs)

This effort builds upon our current population-based SPORE work focused on finding and validating novel prognostic biomarkers for aggressive PC and transitions towards a more direct clinical applicability. We believe our approach will be of high interest and relevance to men with mPC and gDRG, and their sons and brothers who may be at increased risk for mPC due to carrying the same gDRG mutation. At present, no unified PC early detection recommendations exist for men at increased PC risk defined by inherited gDRG mutations. Our PC early detection clinical study will use established and novel minimally invasive biomarkers with a goal of changing the standard of care for this high-risk group.

Project 2: Targeting Emergent Vulnerabilities in AR-Inactive Prostate Cancer

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Project Leaders

Colm Morrissey, Ph.D.
Joshi Alumkal, M.D.

Co-Investigators

Eva Corey, Ph.D.
Hung-Ming Lam, Ph.D.
Laure Heiser, Ph.D.

Other Significant Contributors

Tomasz Beer, M.D.
Victor Thomas, M.D., MMED SCI

Graph of the changing phenotype of castration resistant metastatic Prostate Cancer
Figure 1. The Changing Phenotype of Castration Resistant Metastatic Prostate Cancer. Multiple patient specimens were assessed by IHC (androgen receptor and synaptophysin) on a TMA. The specimens are divided into the pre- 1998-2011 and post- 2012-2016 second-line anti-androgen era. (Bluemn et al 2017)
Treatment options for patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) are expanding. However, 27,000 men will still die from this disease in 2017. We and others have found that widespread use of novel and more potent androgen receptor (AR)-targeting agents has increased the clinical frequency of virulent and untreatable AR-independent CRPC subsets. These subsets include: AR-indifferent prostate cancer (AIPC) with persistent AR expression but reduced AR function, neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC), and AR-null tumors without neuroendocrine differentiation that we have termed double-negative prostate cancer (DNPC). However, very little is known about what factors promote the transition to and maintenance of specific AR-independent subsets. Furthermore, there are no effective treatments for patients with these tumors. The goal of this proposal is to overcome those deficits. Our studies using human AIPC, NEPC, and DNPC patient tumors and model systems identified specific transcriptional regulators, including BET bromodomain chromatin reader proteins, Master Regulator transcription factors (TFs), and kinases that are activated in AIPC, NEPC, and DNPC. In this proposal, we will test the overarching hypothesis that gene networks regulated by BET bromodomain proteins, aberrantly activated TFs or kinases, and other key signaling pathways promote AR-independent CRPC cell survival. The proposed Aims are:
  • Specific Aim 1: Determine the anti-tumor activity of BET bromodomain inhibitors in patients with AR-independent CRPC.
  • Specific Aim 2: Identify and target critical Master Regulator transcription factors and kinases that promote AR-independent cell survival.
  • Specific Aim 3: Identify molecular markers of transition from AR-active to AR-independent CRPC subsets and identify and target critical pathways that promote survival of specific AR-independent subsets.

The completion of the proposed work will lead to the development of rational clinical trials of BETi drug combinations to block critical networks that sustain the survival of AR-independent, lethal prostate cancers.

Project 3: Oncofetal Glycosaminoglycans as Molecular Targets in Prostate Cancer

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Project Leaders

Mads Daugaard, Ph.D.
Martin Gleave, M.D.

Other Significant Contributors

Nader, Al Nakouzi, Ph.D.
David Perrin, Ph.D.

Anomalous expression of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) such as chondroitin sulfate (CS) has been recognized in prostate cancer (PC) for decades. While CS is a potentially attractive tumor antigen in PC, utility of CS variants as therapeutic targets represent a technical challenge due to inherent low avidity of antibodies towards complex GAG structures. Embracing that challenge, we have developed a cross-disciplinary CS targeting strategy for PC based on engineered recombinant proteins from the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. As a survival strategy to avoid host clearance, the malaria parasite has evolved a protein VAR2CSA that mediates high affinity binding to distinct CS in the placenta. PC express the same type of CS as placental trophoblasts thus recombinant malarial VAR2CSA (rVAR2) proteins can be re-purposed to target oncofetal CS (ofCS) modification in PC. Expression of ofCS in primary PC is not restricted to the tumor epithelium but is also present in the stromal cell compartment. Moreover, the rVAR2 protein can detect and isolate circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from complex blood samples. Finally, we have an rVAR2-Drug Conjugate (VDC886) able to engage ofCS-expressing PC cells in vitro and in vivo. Combined, our technology can access and target a tumor-selective GAG structure in PC for diagnostic and therapeutic applications.

We hypothesize that our rVAR2-based ofCS-targeting system constitutes a novel therapeutic and diagnostic opportunity in human PC. Our hypothesis will be tested in the following Specific Aims:

  • Specific Aim 1: Preclinical evaluation of VDC886 as a novel treatment for metastatic CRPC (mCRPC).
  • Specific Aim 2: Visualization of metastatic PC lesions by ofCS PET imaging.
  • Specific Aim 3: Design and execute a phase I trial of VDC886 in mCRPC.

Project 4: Clinical Development of Therapeutic Strategies Targeting DNA Damage Repair

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Project Leaders

Peter S. Nelson, M.D.
R. Bruce Montgomery, M.D.

Co-Investigator

Colin Pritchard, M.D., Ph.D.

Metastatic prostate cancer (mPC) is a lethal disease with essentially no curative therapy. However, in unselected patients, widely divergent responses to conventional and experimental therapeutics are routinely observed, with occasional ‘outlier’ or ‘exceptional’ responders exhibiting durable complete responses and others exhibiting immediate disease progression. This diversity suggests that underlying biological mechanisms accounting for treatment responses can be identified and exploited to prioritize specific therapeutics predicted to have benefit and avoid treatments predicted to lack activity.

Graph of clinical exceptional responses to PLAT
Figure 1. Clinical ‘Exceptional Responses’ to PLAT. Clinical symptoms and imaging studies paralleled the PSA responses. CAR=carboplatin (red bar). (Cheng et al 2016)

The genomic landscapes of mPC demonstrate that a substantial fraction of mPC tumors harbor somatic defects in DNA repair genes (DRGs) including BRCA1, BRCA2, ATM, MSH2/6 and others. This finding has important treatment ramifications as a substantial body of preclinical and clinical work indicates that particular types of DNA repair deficiency, particularly Homology Directed Repair (HDR) Deficiency (HDR-D) result in heightened vulnerabilities to at least two drug classes: platinum (PLAT) chemotherapy and PARP inhibitors (PARPi). Also, of importance, tumors without a HDR-D genotype/phenotype are less responsive to these drugs.

In this proposal we will test the hypothesis that specific aberrations (germ-line or somatic) in genes involved in repairing DNA strand breaks by HDR are predictive of meaningful clinical responses to FDA-approved genotoxic therapeutics and drugs that impair mechanisms of repairing DNA. We will also determine if rational combinations of novel therapeutics targeting DNA repair processes or inducing DNA damage in cancers with HRD will bypass or overwhelm resistance pathways. We have three aims:

  • Specific Aim 1: Conduct Phase 2 clinical trials of genotoxic therapeutics in patients with mCRPC to determine response rates, identify resistance mechanisms, and establish associations between specific HDR genomic defects and the depth and duration of clinical responses.
  • Specific Aim 2: Evaluate rational combinations of pharmacological agents targeting DNA repair pathways using Patient Derived Xenograft (PDX) models of mCRPC with inherent or engineered HDR aberrations.
  • Specific Aim 3: Develop minimally-invasive biomarkers involving the capture and analysis of circulating tumor DNA capable of distinguishing patients for therapeutics targeting DNA repair pathways.

Our Cores

The consortium aims to focus on finding molecular and other factors associated with the risk of prostate cancer recurrence and progression as well as its response – and resistance – to treatment. To this end, it is structured around five research projects, some ongoing and some new.

Supporting these research projects are four shared resource cores:
 

Core A: Leadership & Administration

The Leadership and Administrative Core (LAC) will serve to integrate and enhance the research conducted by the Pacific Northwest Prostate SPORE Projects and Cores – as well as faculty supported by the Career Enhancement and Developmental Research Programs – through the application of general administrative support and the facilitation of communication and data dissemination.

Core Leaders

Peter Nelson, M.D. (Co-Director)
Janet Stanford, Ph.D. (Co-Director)
Daniel Lin, M.D. (Co-Director)

This Core will also provide formal links between the following entities:

1. All investigators comprising the Pacific Northwest (PNW) SPORE in prostate cancer.
2. Advisory Panels (e.g., External Advisory Board [EAB], Internal Advisory Board [IAB], etc.).
3. The institutions (e.g., Fred Hutch and other SPORE participatory sites) with laboratories and clinical facilities wherein occur the research and education components of the SPORE
4. Representatives of the National Cancer Institute (NCI)

This Core has the following specific aims:

1. To provide the organizational structure, based on a group of interacting committees, for supporting and evaluating the key objectives of the PNW SPORE.
2. To provide oversight of all SPORE activities involving the independent research projects, the Career Enhancement Program (CEP), the Developmental Research Program (DRP), the shared resource Cores, and the parent institutions.
3. To organize and coordinate forums for interactions of the Executive Committee, Internal Advisory Board, and External Advisory Board.
4. To provide efficient and effective fiscal management of SPORE grant funds.
5. To communicate and consult with the NCI Project Officer(s) and staff in the preparation of required progress reports, publications lists, and regulatory documents.
6. To develop and maintain virtual mechanisms that efficiently facilitate multi-institutional, intra- and inter-SPORE interactions.

Core B: Biospecimen and Pathology Core

The Biospecimen and Pathology Core provides part of the infrastructure support for the major projects comprising the Pacific Northwest Prostate Cancer SPORE as well as for research conducted through the developmental research and career enhancement programs. It has been designed to meet the needs of these projects and serve as a resource for collaborative efforts with other SPOREs. This Core will provide a systematic and standardized system of specimen collection, storage, distribution and related clinical/research information dissemination that is based on over two decades of experience. There will be consistency and quality assurance in the pathological analysis of tissue specimens.

Core Leaders

Colm Morrissey, Ph.D. (Co-Director)
Eva Corey, Ph.D. (Co-Director)
Lawrence True, M.D. (Co-Director)

This Core has five specific aims:

1. Clinical specimen acquisition (i.e. tissues, including those from surgery and the rapid autopsy program, serum, plasma and urine), processing, quality control, storage, distribution and database entry
2. A program to continually improve the quality and efficiency of biospecimen acquisition, processing and storage to increase the fidelity of specimens provided to the SPORE investigators
3. Maintain prostate cancer xenograft lines established by the Core and make specimens available for biological study and/or perform pre-clinical studies for SPORE investigators and collaborators
4. Laboratory services, including production of tissue microarrays, interpretation of immunohistology by urologic pathologists, production of specimen derivatives and perform PSA immunoassays for research
5. An administrative program to obtain samples from minorities, prioritize the distribution of specimens, ensure patient confidentiality and compliance with IRB requirements, maintain and improve quality control measures and interact with other SPOREs.

Specimens from our repository, especially those from our rapid autopsy program (e.g. PC bone metastases) and our LuCaP series of prostate cancer xenografts have been, and will continue to be distributed to other PC investigators on an international basis.

Core C: Biostatistics and Analytics Core

The Biostatistics and Analytics Core will provide essential data and analytics support to investigators on the Pacific Northwest Prostate Cancer SPORE. 

Core Leader

Ruth Etzioni, Ph.D. (Core Director)

This Core will link study design, data collection, measurement, and analysis to validly address the critical hypotheses and questions of the Pacific Northwest Prostate Cancer SPORE through the following specific aims:

  1. Study design. Define study hypotheses, study populations, and experimental parameters to answer the research questions of interest, reduce systematic bias, and ensure a high likelihood of detection of biologically meaningful effects. As part of this aim Core C will provide power calculations when needed for each project.
  2. Analysis and interpretation. Identify and implement quantitative methods to address the scientific questions of interest and provide valid statistical inferences about the evidence addressing the various study hypotheses. Work with study investigators to clearly communicate methods and results in study publications and insure that reported conclusions are justified.

The Biostatistics Core is integral to the collection, validation and analysis of data for SPORE projects. Further, where appropriate statistical methods are inadequate or lacking, Core personnel devise and implement novel analytic approaches.

This Core will provide:

  1. Prompt responsiveness with respect to biostatistical and bioinformatics analyses
  2. Appropriate expertise to select and implement an optimal approach to study design and analysis
  3. Customized dataset creation and analysis
  4. Clear communication of study findings, conclusions, and limitations to investigators and the broader community.

Core D: Clinical Core

The Clinical Core is specifically designed and supported with the objective of facilitating the translational mission of the Pacific Northwest (PNW) Prostate Cancer SPORE. Each of the five major projects directly utilizes patient-derived materials and attendant clinical data, and most are designed with a patient-directed interventional trial. However, there are major barriers between clinical, basic and population-based research that constrain progress; thus, the aims of this Core were formulated to assist the major projects, developmental projects, and career development awardees in the rapid advancement of their research objectives.

Core Leaders

Evan Yu, M.D. (Co-Director)
John Gore, M.D. (Co-Director)

The Clinical Core has the following specific aims:

  1. To design, execute, accrue to, and otherwise facilitate the conduct and timely completion of human clinical trials relevant to SPORE translational science. The Clinical Core will support major research projects, developmental research studies, and clinical trials related to the Career Enhancement Program.
  2. To design, direct, and assist with patient recruitment for biospecimen acquisition.
  3. To direct, support, and enhance CAISIS (repository of clinical and patient-reported data) to support clinical and translational prostate cancer research across the SPORE sites.
  4. To ensure that SPORE Major and Developmental Projects maintain a patient-centered focus, we will support and engage the SPORE Advocacy Committee in the activities of the SPORE.
Prostate Cancer Resources

Patient Video Series

Exercise can help those living with prostate cancer to overcome the side effects of androgen-deprivation therapy, and it may have helpful effects on cancer biology. Yet many people with prostate cancer aren’t sure how to start an exercise routine. Fred Hutch experts and local patients created a series of videos to show people with prostate cancer how to safely exercise at home to improve their health.

Learn More

Our Programs

Career Enhancement Program

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The Career Enhancement Program (CEP) is an essential component of the PNW Prostate Cancer SPORE that serves to sustain and enhance our mission by attracting and nurturing new and talented research faculty. The CEP will continue to implement a strategy that has successfully developed clinical, basic, and population scientists for productive careers in translational prostate cancer research.

Program Directors

Janet L. Stanford, Ph.D.
Peter S. Nelson, M.D. (Co-Director)

The specific aims of the CEP are to:

  1. Provide research support and collaborative expertise for junior faculty, advanced fellows, and established investigators who wish to either develop or refocus their careers on translational PC research
  2. Provide a coordinated system for mentoring faculty and advanced fellows pursuing PC research across a broad range of disciplines
  3. Create a framework in which investigators can gain exposure to and training in aspects of translational PC research outside their areas of expertise
  4. Attract and retain women, minorities, and early career junior faculty who can make key contributions to translational PC research at the institutions comprising the PNW Prostate SPORE

The CEP will be coordinated between Fred Hutch and the University of Washington (UW); the Prostate Centre at the Vancouver General Hospital (VGH); and the Oregon Health Science University (OHSU). Our organizational structure works across sites and includes recruitment and monitoring of candidates by a career enhancement committee, educational coordination through a conference and education committee, and access to more than 50 multidisciplinary investigators both within and outside the SPORE whose research interests provide relevant experience in translational prostate cancer research. The CEP educational program combines a wide spectrum of individual research opportunities, formal educational courses, and a large number of conferences and seminars in translational prostate cancer research. We plan to continue to recruit both qualified faculty members and senior research fellows who wish to expand their work in translational prostate cancer research, focusing on the inclusion of women and underrepresented minority applicants. In addition to SPORE grant support, this program will be augmented by substantial institutional resources.

Developmental Research Program

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The Developmental Research Program (DRP) of the Pacific Northwest (PNW) Prostate Cancer SPORE is designed to solicit, evaluate, and support innovative pilot projects in translational prostate cancer research. Projects funded under the DRP are intended to rapidly advance a new idea or concept that has the potential to substantially impact our understanding of prostate cancer, and ultimately influence the clinical management of this disease through improved prevention and treatment strategies. Since the inception of the PNW Prostate Cancer SPORE, the infrastructure of the DRP has established mechanisms to quickly respond to translational research opportunities within the PNW SPORE institutions that require support to advance hypotheses or confirm feasibility in order to justify larger resource investments. Developmental projects include research in basic science, clinical science, and population-based studies, and will continue to build collaborations between PNW SPORE sites and other institutions with SPOREs in prostate cancer.

Program Directors

Peter S. Nelson, M.D
Janet L. Stanford, Ph.D. (Co-Director)

Review Committee Chair

Martin (Mac) Cheever, M.D.

The specific aims for the Developmental Research Program are to:

  1. Stimulate the development of innovative, impactful early-phase research studies that include multi-disciplinary interactions with basic, clinical, and population scientists across the PNW Prostate SPORE institutions and including inter-SPORE collaborative studies
  2. Provide funding (1-2 years) and infrastructure (e.g., biospecimens, biostatistical support) to rapidly test the feasibility of original investigator-initiated projects in all areas of PC research
  3. Prioritize funding to rapidly exploit new opportunities or support specific areas of strategic importance for advancing the translational research goals of the PNW Prostate SPORE
  4. Monitor (and facilitate) the progress of each DRP project and consider their advancement to a full SPORE project
Specimen Coordinator Sara Fernandez explains procedures with IPCR participants during a tour of the Fred Hutch Nelson Lab.

Prostate Cancer Research at Fred Hutch

Our researchers are investigating ways to prevent prostate cancer, including identifying lifestyle choices that can lower risk, and finding ways to determine which patients would most benefit from treatment and how to improve responses to treatment. 

Dr. Yaw Nyame speaks about prostate cancer research and care during the 2019 IPCR Symposium at Fred Hutch

Institute for Prostate Cancer Research

The Institute for Prostate Cancer Research (IPCR) is a collaborative effort between Fred Hutch and UW Medicine. Our mission is to understand the causes of prostate cancer and its progression, develop new prevention strategies, devise innovative diagnostics and improve survival and quality of life.

Contact Us

PNW Prostate Cancer SPORE

Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
1100 Eastlake Avenue, E2-112
P.O. Box 19024
Seattle, WA 98109-1024

Mackenzie Krouse

Program Operations Director, Prostate Cancer Program

Phone: 206.667.1315

Megan McIntosh, MPH

Project Coordinator, Prostate Cancer Program

Phone: 206.667.3609
Last Modified, November 16, 2020