A Study to Evaluate Multicancer Detection (MCD) Tests and Their Impact on Participant Health and Cancer Screening, The Vanguard Study

This clinical trial studies the impact of two multicancer detection (MCD) tests, Shield and Avantect, as cancer screening tests in a population of adults aged 45-75 without cancer in underrepresented communities. This study provides early information on how well MCD tests perform as cancer screening tools and help researchers understand how patients and their doctors make decisions about their care when the MCD test comes back with a normal (negative) or an abnormal (positive) result. The goal of cancer screening is to reduce the burden of cancer by identifying cancers before they show symptoms or signs, ideally at an early stage where the chance of cure is highest, and treatment may be less aggressive. MCD is a test that measures tumor cell biomarkers in blood in order to screen for multiple cancers simultaneously. MCDs are simple to implement for both health care providers and their patients, making them accessible even in under-resourced settings. The Avantect MCD test is a next-generation sequencing (NGS)- based screening test intended for the qualitative detection of the presence or absence of cancer-related abnormal signals in plasma cell free deoxyribonucleic acid (cfDNA) derived from whole blood. The Avantect MCD test reports on the possible presence of 8 cancers: breast, colorectal, esophagus, stomach, liver, lung, ovarian and pancreas and may indicate the presence of up to two predicted tissue of origins. The Shield MCD blood test reports cancer derived alterations associated from whole blood samples collected from individuals at average risk. The Shield MCD test is developed for the detection of cancers and the prediction of the tissue of origin of 10 cancer types: bladder, breast, colorectal, esophageal, stomach, liver, lung, ovarian, pancreatic, and prostate. Undergoing Avantect and Shield MCD testing may work better at screening participants aged 45-75 for cancer in underrepresented communities.