Sickle cell disease affects each person differently. Some people have mild symptoms, while others experience frequent pain episodes or serious complications. Symptoms can change over time, making ongoing care from specialists experienced in sickle cell disease important.

Because sickle cell disease affects red blood cells and blood flow, it can impact many parts of the body. Understanding the symptoms and recognizing potential complications can help you know when to seek medical care.

Sickle Cell Disease Care Tailored to You

You and your family are our top priority. At Fred Hutch Cancer Center, we offer comprehensive and compassionate care — personalized to you. You'll have access to the latest treatment options, clinical trials and supportive care services.

Common Symptoms

Symptoms of sickle cell disease vary from person to person and may change over time. Common symptoms of sickle cell disease include:

  • Anemia 
  • Fatigue 
  • Pain episodes (also called pain crises or vaso-occlusive crisis) 
  • Shortness of breath 
  • Dizziness or lightheadedness 
  • Fast heart rate 
  • Pale skin 
  • Jaundice (when skin and the whites of eyes turn yellow) 

Pain episodes are the most common symptom of sickle cell disease. They occur when sickled red blood cells block blood flow, reducing oxygen delivery to tissues and organs. Pain can range from mild to severe and may last for varying lengths of time.

If you have any recurring symptoms of sickle cell disease, let your primary care provider know. UW Medicine Primary Care can help you get started. Learn about Fred Hutch's relationship with UW Medicine.


Complications of Sickle Cell Disease

Over time, sickle cell disease can affect nearly every organ in the body. Some complications develop suddenly, while others occur gradually.

Your care team at Fred Hutch Cancer Center works to help prevent complications whenever possible and to recognize and manage them early.

Acute Chest Syndrome

Acute chest syndrome is a complication that is similar to pneumonia. Symptoms may include:

  • Chest pain 
  • Cough 
  • Difficulty breathing 
  • Fever

Hand-Foot Syndrome (Dactylitis)

Hand-foot syndrome is swelling of the hands and feet caused by blocked blood vessels. This condition, also called dactylitis, may be accompanied by fever and pain.

Infections

People with sickle cell disease have a higher risk of certain infections, including:

  • Influenza (flu) 
  • Hepatitis 
  • Meningitis 
  • Pneumonia 

Prompt medical attention is important if you develop signs of an infection.

Organ Damage

Repeated interruptions in blood flow that happen with sickle cell disease can damage organs over time. Complications may affect the:

  • Eyes 
  • Heart 
  • Kidneys 
  • Liver 
  • Lungs 
  • Spleen 

Some complications develop gradually and may not cause symptoms right away.

Iron Overload

People with sickle cell disease sometimes receive blood transfusions. If they receive repeated transfusions, they may develop iron overload, which can damage the liver and other organs if left untreated.

When to Contact Your Care Team

Contact your care team if you experience:

  • New or worsening pain 
  • Fever 
  • Chest pain 
  • Difficulty breathing 
  • Any new or concerning symptoms 

Early evaluation and treatment may help prevent more serious complications.